Lauro Amezcua-Patino, MD, FAPA.
3 min readFeb 28, 2023

The opioid epidemic, Fentanyl and Ketamine

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The opioid crisis has been exacerbated by the rise of fentanyl, a powerful synthetic opioid that is much more potent than other opioids. Fentanyl has been found in many street drugs, leading to increased overdoses and deaths.

The epidemic of fentanyl overdoses has devastated individuals and families across the country.

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It is much more potent than other opioids; even small amounts can be deadly. Fentanyl is often mixed with other drugs without the user’s knowledge, leading to an increased risk of overdose. It is also highly addictive and can lead to physical and psychological dependence.

Signs of a fentanyl overdose include shallow breathing, confusion, loss of consciousness, and blue lips or fingernails. If someone is experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to call 911 immediately.

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There are several strategies for preventing fentanyl abuse. Education is critical, as it can help people understand the risks of using fentanyl and other opioids. It is also essential to ensure prescription opioids are used only as prescribed and stored securely to prevent misuse.

In conclusion, fentanyl is a powerful opioid that can be deadly even in small amounts. Signs of a fentanyl overdose include shallow breathing, confusion, loss of consciousness, and blue lips or fingernails. If someone is experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to call 911 immediately. There are several strategies for preventing fentanyl abuse.

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Ketamine has been used to treat addictions, particularly opioid addiction. It is effective in reducing cravings and helping people stay in recovery. However, it is not a cure-all and should be used with caution.

Ketamine works quickly, usually within minutes of taking it. The effects can last for several hours, but the intensity of the effects will vary depending on the dose taken.

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Ketamine blocks the brain’s receptors for the neurotransmitter glutamate, which is involved in memory formation, learning, and emotion. It also increases the activity of other neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin, which can lead to feelings of euphoria and relaxation.

Potential side effects of using ketamine include confusion, disorientation, and hallucinations. It can also cause an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, as well as nausea and vomiting. Long-term use of ketamine can lead to memory problems, depression, and even addiction.

Potential side effects of using ketamine include confusion, disorientation, and hallucinations. It can also cause an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, as well as nausea and vomiting.

In conclusion, ketamine is effective in treating opioid addiction. However, it should be used with caution due to its potential side effects and the risk of developing an addiction to it.

Education is vital, as it can help people understand the risks of using fentanyl and other opioids. It is also essential to ensure prescription opioids are used only as prescribed and stored securely to prevent misuse. Finally, it is vital to seek help if you or someone you know is struggling with opioid addiction.

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Lauro Amezcua-Patino, MD, FAPA.
Lauro Amezcua-Patino, MD, FAPA.

Written by Lauro Amezcua-Patino, MD, FAPA.

Dr. Lauro Amezcua-Patiño: Bilingual psychiatrist, podcaster, clinical leader, educator, and researcher. Expert in forensic medicine and mental health issues.

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